Home · Shop · re:tones Skin Rejuvenation Tap Pen Device

re:tones MTS microneedling device in purple and pink, crossed, showing the OLED display and the clear cartridge tip
A model holding the re:tones MTS device against her cheek, ampoule visible on the skin.
Close-up of skin after a re:tones MTS session
Bar charts comparing pore surface area and pore density improvement, hand application against the MTS device
re:tones Skin Rejuvenation Tap Pen Device
30-day return window Ampoule released on contact

re:tones Skin Rejuvenation Tap Pen Device

4.8 · 205 reviews
  • The absorption half of skincare. Everyone sells the formula. Nobody sells the way in.
  • You set it yourself, at home. Six intensity settings. Five minutes a week.
  • Ordinary in Korea. New here, not new there.
$109.00
Color

Faulty in use: full refund, shipping both ways on us. Changed your mind: 30 days, return it complete, you pay shipping and a 20% restocking fee. Light scratches are not a fault.

Replacement tips

  • PRO-5D 3-Pack for the Tap Pen $34.99
1 more
  • PRO-R 3-Pack for the Tap Pen $34.99

The 3-Pack is the mix that ships in the box.

    Why absorption is the whole product

    Most of what you put on your face stays on your face. Skin is a barrier and it is very good at its job. It cannot tell your serum from anything else trying to get in.

    So this is built around the half nobody sells you. Not a better formula, a better arrival for the one you already paid for. The ampoule is released the moment the tip meets skin, so it is delivered as you work rather than left on the surface to dry.

    A cosmetic device, not a medical one. How any skin responds varies.

    How to use it

    1. Cleanse and dry. Nothing else first.

    2. Fit a fresh cartridge. PRO-R Nano to start, PRO-5D Nano after.

    3. Load the ampoule. Set the collar to 0.5 mm.

    4. Work section by section. Keep moving.

    5. Apply what is left. Sun protection the next day.

    Once a week, fresh cartridge every session.

    What is in the box

    Tap Pen. Brushed aluminum, one button.

    Three cartridges. Two PRO-5D Nano at 8 µm, one PRO-R Nano at 15 µm. Sterile, single use.

    Velvet pouch, USB cable, quick-start guide.

    Secure checkout

    • American Express
    • Apple Pay
    • Diners Club
    • Discover
    • Google Pay
    • Mastercard
    • PayPal
    • Shop Pay
    • USDC
    • Visa

    Complete the system

    10% off the ampoule Automatic when both are in the cart. Nothing to type at checkout.

    What five minutes actually looks like.

    Brand films produced by re:tones. Not customer submissions.

    Where you would actually use it
    Ampoule first, then the device
    A close look at the cartridge head
    Once a week, at the vanity

    Your skincare was never the problem. Absorption was.

    You put a good formula on a barrier built to keep things out. That is not a formula failure, it is an absorption failure, and no amount of reformulating fixes it.

    Applied by hand

    The formula spreads across the surface and meets the outer layer of your skin. Some sinks in. Most stops at that line. That is the part of the bottle you paid for and never received.

    It sits on the surface. A little sinks in. Most of it never gets past that line.

    STRATUM CORNEUM EPIDERMIS DERMIS STOPS HERE
    With the Tap Pen

    The paired ampoule is released the moment the tip meets skin, at a setting you choose. Same formula, delivered instead of deposited.

    The ampoule is released at the moment the tip meets skin, at a setting you choose.

    STRATUM CORNEUM EPIDERMIS DERMIS

    An illustration of the idea, not a measurement. Layer thicknesses are indicative and vary by person and by area of the face. Nothing here shows how much of any ingredient is absorbed.

    The same person's nose and cheek after use, photographed from the same angle in the same light
    Close macro of one person's nose and cheek before use, pore texture visible across the cheek
    Before After
    Drag the divider, or use the arrow keys.

    One person, two photographs

    Drag the line. Judge it yourself.

    The numbers below are tip geometry. None of them measures these two photographs.1

    PRO-5D Nano tip

    8µm

    The square array cartridge. Fixed at manufacture.

    Cross-section

    1/625the area

    What an 8 µm shaft occupies against a 200 µm home pen. Arithmetic on two published diameters.

    How this pair was made

    Photographic conditions

    The interval between these two photographs is not recorded here, so we are not going to state one. Same person, same camera, same angle, same light direction. Neither frame is retouched, aligned or color matched. The after frame sits slightly closer, so the scale shifts a little at the divider. We left it rather than stretch a photograph to hide it.

    What this is

    This is one person. Two photographs of one face are a case, not evidence. What your skin does is a separate question, and we do not have the answer to it.

    Source

    Photographs and session records supplied by our own laboratory in South Korea.

    Tip figures are the PRO-5D Nano cartridge, one of the two tip types in the box. The other, PRO-R Nano, is 15 µm. Cross-section is arithmetic on two published diameters and is a property of the tip, not a measure of tissue, sensation or healing.

    The controls

    Four controls. Nothing behind a menu.

    Depth, flow, power and the cartridge. Four separate physical controls, so you feel every change without looking at a screen.

    Refillable tip
    01

    The ampoule goes inside the tip.

    The cartridge comes off and the ampoule goes in. The formula is loaded before the first tap.

    Range
    A fresh sterile cartridge each session
    In the hand
    Seats with a push. Nothing is forced.
    Why it matters
    The ampoule and the tip arrive together instead of one waiting on the other.
    No presets
    02

    You set how deep it goes.

    Turn the collar and the tip moves out or back in. It stays where you leave it. No menu, just a position.

    Range
    0.5 to 1.5 mm, continuous
    In the hand
    Smooth the whole way. No clicks, no stops.
    Why it matters
    Thin skin and resilient skin are not the same depth, and neither is a first session and a tenth.
    1 · 2 · 3
    03

    You set how much comes out.

    On the cartridge, not the body. Three positions, so the same formula comes out faster or slower.

    Range
    Three positions, 1 to 3
    In the hand
    It clicks. You can feel each position land.
    Why it matters
    Skin that drinks it quickly and skin that does not need different amounts of the same formula.
    1 to 6
    04

    You set how hard it works.

    Press the button to step through six levels. This is the motor, not the flow.

    Range
    Six levels, 1 to 6
    In the hand
    The indicator shows where you are, so you are never guessing.
    Why it matters
    Two controls that are usually fused together are kept apart, so neither one compromises the other.
    Once a week
    05

    All of it, in one pass.

    The tip moving and the ampoule arriving at the same moment. Nothing waits on the surface.

    Range
    Once a week, a fresh cartridge each time
    In the hand
    Keep it moving. The device works at its own rate.
    Why it matters
    This is the whole argument of the product in one motion.

    Filmed on the production device. Depth and output are set before a session, not during one.

    Your eye area and your jaw are not the same skin.

    Skin is thin under the eyes, thicker on the cheeks and jaw. One setting cannot suit a whole face, so the collar moves freely with no stops to click through.

    A straight-on studio portrait, hair tied back, used as the base for the depth map: the eye area, forehead, cheeks and jaw are each outlined and tinted.
    Where each part of the depth range is generally used A photograph of a face with four marked regions over it: the eye area, the forehead, the cheeks and the jaw, each joined by a thin leader line to its part of the range. A ruler underneath runs the full 0.5 to 1.5 millimeters with a traveling indicator, and the region matching the indicator comes forward while the others recede. 0.5 to 0.75 mm, the eye area 0.75 to 1.0 mm, the forehead and upper face 1.0 to 1.25 mm, the cheeks and mid face 1.25 to 1.5 mm, the jaw and chin
    1. 0.5 - 0.75mm Eye area
    2. 0.75 - 1.0mm Forehead
    3. 1.0 - 1.25mm Cheeks
    4. 1.25 - 1.5mm Jaw

    Marked for reading, not to scale. The regions show where each part of the range is generally used.

    1. 0.5 - 0.75mm The shallow end. Thin skin, the eye area, and every first session.
    2. 0.75 - 1.0mm The upper face once the device feels familiar.
    3. 1.0 - 1.25mm General facial use across cheeks, forehead and jaw.
    4. 1.25 - 1.5mm The deep end. Resilient areas, once you know your skin.

    Intensity is a separate control. We do not publish a depth per ampoule, because that mapping is not confirmed. Start at the shallowest setting and work up over sessions, never within one.

    Three in the box

    One is forgiving. One is for every day. Both included.

    Two PRO-5D Nano and one PRO-R Nano, all included. Square plate or round, and that is what decides where each belongs.

    The PRO-R Nano cartridge, photographed at the tip
    Round array

    PRO-R Nano

    15 µm tip

    The forgiving one. Start here.

    In the box
    One
    Use it for
    Thin or delicate skin, including under the eyes
    Start here if
    It is your first cartridge, or the area is sensitive
    The PRO-5D Nano cartridge, photographed at the tip
    Square array

    PRO-5D Nano

    8 µm tip

    The everyday one. A finer lattice.

    In the box
    Two
    Use it for
    Cheeks, forehead, jaw, and general routine use
    Start here if
    You have used the device before and want the finer array

    Drawn from the cartridge, not to scale. The tip count is illustrative. A code on the box opens the full video walkthrough.

    How the tip is made

    Too fine to mold. So it is etched from silicon.

    The finest a mold can hold is about the width of a hair. The tip is 8 µm, roughly a tenth of that limit.

    01 The blank Silicon 99.9999% 02 ResistThe mask Photolithography 03 The etch Deep reactive ion 04 120 nmThe surface Silicon nitride
    Cross-section through one needle. The mask protects the column, and the silicon around it is what leaves.
    TIP DIAMETER µm Molding stops 70 to 100 µm, finest It buckles below about 5 µm PRO-5D Nano 8 PRO-R Nano 15 70 100 5 Logarithmic scale. Both tips sit an order of magnitude below the molding floor.
    Where each tip falls against the finest a mold can hold.

    1. 1

      A mold could not hold it.

      A molded polymer needle is stated to stop at 70 to 100 µm. Nothing this fine comes out of a mold.

      70 to 100 µmFinest a mold holds

    2. 2

      So it is etched from silicon.

      Photolithography draws the pattern, then deep reactive ion etching cuts it out of silicon stated at 99.9999 percent. It is a semiconductor process, run in an ISO Class 5 cleanroom.

      99.9999%Silicon purity, stated

    3. 3

      The limit was found, not chosen.

      A simulation ran 14 diameters from 3 µm to 120 µm across more than 200 geometries. Below about 5 µm the needle buckles at the force needed to enter.

      200+Geometries simulated

    4. 4

      It holds for the session it is built for.

      One needle enters at 0.008 newtons and carries 4.75 times the load that would bend it. It holds that shape for one session, then the cartridge is finished.

      4.75xBuckling margin

    Fabrication, force and margin figures come from the manufacturer's engineering document, covering work dated 2024 to 2026. Tip diameters are manufacturing specifications. The array is etched from silicon at a stated 99.9999 percent. The surface over it is silicon nitride, about 120 nm. Every figure and its basis is listed on the science page.

    Nothing is left on the surface to dry.

    The vial feeds the cartridge and the liquid arrives at the plate at the same moment the tips do. Nothing is poured on, nothing is patted in, nothing evaporates while it waits.

    Filmed on the device by re:tones. Shown at the tip, with the cartridge running.

    Everyone prints a number. Almost nobody competes on it.

    Every figure here is the one that brand prints on its own page.

    1. re:tones PRO-5D Nano tipThe square-array cartridge, confirmed by scanning electron micrograph
      8µm
    2. Finest published elsewhereThe thinnest figure any other home device publishes
      10µm
    3. Typical home penCategory devices compete on depth, not diameter
      200µm

    Bar length is inversely proportional to diameter. Nothing here is scaled for effect.

    Other brands' figures come from their own published pages. Ours is the PRO-5D Nano, confirmed by electron micrograph. The PRO-R Nano in the box is 15 µm and is not the tip compared here.

    A roller rolls. A pen drives.

    A drum has to turn in order to move. A pen does not. Everything below follows from that.

    MANUAL ROLLERA manual derma roller held against a cheek, the drum resting on the skin. 0 1 2 mm one fixed length
    Angled entry. Depth is whatever your hand did.
    TAP PENThe re:tones Skin Rejuvenation Tap Pen Device pen held against a cheek, the cartridge flat on the skin. 0 1 2 mm 0.5 1.5 mm set here, every pass
    Vertical entry. Every pass stops where you set it.
    MANUAL ROLLER TAP PEN
    Entry On an arc, at an angle Straight down, straight back up
    Gauge One thickness, fixed at manufacture 8 µm, finer than any figure published elsewhere
    Depth Fixed tip, hand pressure 0.5 to 1.5 mm on a collar
    Rate Your wrist 100 passes a second
    Reach Bridges the hollows Flat tip sits down into them
    After Rinsed and used again Sealed, one session, binned

    8 µm against 200 µm is 1/625 of the area. See it drawn to scale.

    Cleanse, load, set, tap. Then leave it alone.

    Load the cartridge, set the mode, tap. The whole face takes about five minutes.

    1. Unpack one cartridge

      PRO-R Nano if you are new or working near the eyes, PRO-5D Nano everywhere else. Open the pouch only when you are ready.

      Three sealed re:tones cartridge pouches lying on a plain surface

    2. Open the cap on top of the cartridge

      The cartridge holds the ampoule itself. Lift the cap off the top to open the reservoir.

      Two hands lifting the cap off the top of a clear cartridge

    3. Fill it with the ampoule you picked

      Pour your ampoule into the open cartridge. This is what the tip draws from, which is why the ampoule is dispensed on contact rather than patted on afterwards.

      An ampoule being emptied into the open cartridge

    4. Close the cap and seat the cartridge in the device

      Press it on until it sits firm. A loose cartridge is why a device runs but the tip does not move.

      If it does not vibrate, reseat it. take the cartridge off, work it back and forth, and seat it again.

      The loaded cartridge being pushed onto the tip of the device

    5. Power it on, then set the depth

      Hold the button for two seconds. Turn the collar to set the depth. No stops to click through.

      Where to set it 0.5 mm to start, and anywhere skin is thin, including the eyes. Work up on the cheeks and jaw over sessions, never within one. Set it before you begin.

      A hand turning the depth collar on the device

    6. Tap across the areas you are treating

      Tap, do not drag. Move in short presses across the area rather than sliding the tip over the skin. About five minutes covers the whole face.

      Tapping the re:tones Skin Rejuvenation Tap Pen Device across the cheek
    Once a week One session every seven days. Going more often does not give the skin time to close and settle in between.
    One cartridge, one use Cartridges are sterile and single use. Throw yours away after the session and open a fresh one next time. Never reuse a cartridge and never share one.

    The first four weeks.

    One session a week, moving up a step only once the last one felt fine. Nominal rates per step. The device is rated to 6,000 rpm at level 6.

    1. Week 1

      1

      Intensity level

      Let your skin meet the device. This week is about how it feels, not what it does.

      Depth
      0.5 to 0.75 mm
      Rate
      3,500 rpm
      Session
      3 minutes
      Sensitive skin
      2 minutes

    2. Week 2

      2to3

      Intensity level

      A little longer, on the upper face now that the device feels familiar.

      Depth
      0.75 to 1.0 mm
      Rate
      4,000 to 4,500 rpm
      Session
      5 minutes
      Sensitive skin
      3 minutes

    3. Week 3

      3to4

      Intensity level

      General facial use, across the cheeks, forehead and jaw.

      Depth
      1.0 to 1.25 mm
      Rate
      4,500 to 5,000 rpm
      Session
      7 minutes
      Sensitive skin
      5 minutes

    4. Week 4 onward

      5to6

      Intensity level

      A full session, keeping the deeper end for the areas that take it.

      Depth
      1.25 to 1.5 mm on resilient areas
      Rate
      5,500 to 6,000 rpm
      Session
      10 minutes
      Sensitive skin
      7 minutes

    Skin varies, and so does how yours answers. If irritation lasts past a session, stop and give it time. Anything clinical belongs with a dermatologist. Read the safe use rules

    What the week after looks like.

    Four beats. The middle two are the ones that matter.

    1. First hour

      Warmth and color

      Leave it alone.

      • what is left in the ampoule
    2. First 24 hours

      Sun protection, nothing else

      Sunscreen is not optional.

      • acids
      • retinoids
      • exfoliation
      • makeup
      • sunscreen
    3. Day two to three

      Back to your routine

      Color has normally settled.

      • start with your gentlest active
    4. Day seven

      Next session

      Do not go early because it felt fine.

      • a full week out
    Nothing to buy separately. The missing half is in the box.

    Nothing to buy separately. The missing half is in the box.

    • Tap Pen Brushed aluminum body, intensity indicator, single button
    • PRO-R Nano cartridge One in the box. Round array, thicker gauge. Start here.
    • PRO-5D Nano cartridges Two in the box. Square 8 µm array for everyday use.
    • Velvet carry pouch Protects the tip collar in transit
    • USB charging cable Charge before first use
    • Quick-start guide With a QR code to the full video walkthrough

    Using it safely.

    This opens the barrier on purpose, so the hygiene rules are not optional. Read this once before the first session.

    re:tones Skin Rejuvenation Tap Pen Device is a cosmetic device, for external use only. It has not been evaluated or cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and it is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

    Do

    • Start at 0.5 mm and stay there until you know how your skin responds
    • Fit a fresh sterile cartridge for every session
    • Work on clean, completely dry skin
    • Keep moving. Even passes, no dwelling on one spot
    • Wear sunscreen for the 24 hours afterwards
    • Use the PRO-R Nano cartridge around the eyes

    Do not

    • Do not use over active acne, wounds, eczema, or any infection
    • Do not share a cartridge with anyone, ever
    • Do not use more than once a week
    • Do not layer acids or retinoids the same day
    • Do not use straight after a professional treatment without asking your practitioner
    • Do not go to 1.5 mm around the eye area

    Specifications

    Tip

    Diameter, PRO-5D Nano
    8 µm
    Diameter, PRO-R Nano
    15 µm
    Array, PRO-5D Nano
    Square, set at 45 degrees, 8 µm tip
    Array, PRO-R Nano
    Round, 15 µm tip
    Materials
    Silicon, metal and polymer
    Cartridge
    Sterile, single use, never reused

    Device

    Depth
    0.5 to 1.5 mm, continuously adjustable
    Intensity
    Six settings, separate from depth
    Dispensing
    At the moment the tip meets skin
    Intensity indicator
    On-body
    Controls
    Single button
    Battery life
    About 3 hours of use per charge
    Charging time
    About 1.5 hours
    Body
    Brushed aluminum
    Colors
    Purple, Pink

    Care and origin

    Cartridge
    Sterile, single use
    Cadence
    Once a week
    Origin
    Made in Korea
    Sold by
    Idenbrick LLC, United States

    Items marked TBC are not yet confirmed and will be published once they are.

    Ships from the US Developed and made in South Korea
    Cosmetic device For external use only. No prescription needed.
    Sterile tips Single-use cartridges, never reused
    Secure checkout Encrypted payments handled by Shopify
    • American Express
    • Apple Pay
    • Diners Club
    • Discover
    • Google Pay
    • Mastercard
    • PayPal
    • Shop Pay
    • USDC
    • Visa
    The technical record Every figure on this page, and what it rests on. Specifications, composition, drawn figures, and a ledger of what re:tones has not measured. Read the science

    Provenance

    You can check every line of this.

    Most brands ask you to take the quality on trust. These are the things you can hold up to the light instead.

    • Made Researched, engineered and filled in South Korea. The device and the ampoules were developed together, not sourced separately.
    • Sealed Crimp-sealed medical glass with a rubber septum. Nothing is decanted, and the vial is not opened before you open it.
    • Printed on your carton Batch number and period-after-opening, on every single one.
    • Published Every formulation figure comes from the manufacturer's ingredient statement and is printed as written, including the unremarkable ones.
    • Sold Direct from re-tones.com only. Not on marketplaces, not through resellers. If you did not buy it here, we cannot tell you what is in it.

    If any line here stops being true we take it down rather than rewording it.

    4.8

    205 reviews

    205 verified purchases

    • 5 180
    • 4 20
    • 3 3
    • 2 2
    • 1 0

    • nikolai.p

      Verified purchase

      Solid device, good results

      Well built, precise controls, real results over about five weeks. Skin clarity and texture improved. Painless. Four stars rather than five because I would like better battery life and more included cartridges. Still a product I would recommend.

    • dcole_92

      Verified purchase

      Easy to use

      Simple setup, easy to figure out. Skin texture is better.

    • Yuki T.

      Verified purchase

      Happy customer

      Happy customer here.

    • shane.o.connor

      Verified purchase

      Great

      Great. Clear skin, no pain, five minutes a week.

    • dara.o

      Verified purchase

      Clear skin finally

      Clear skin finally. After 20 years of trying.

    • Roland T.

      Verified purchase

      It works

      It works. Not as dramatic as I hoped in month one but skin is better and it never hurt.

    • marcy_lou

      Verified purchase

      yesss

      yessss my skin

    • nour.el.amin

      Verified purchase

      Solid

      Solid device, no complaints really. Skin is smoother and it never hurt. Took about five weeks to see it.

    • morgan.t

      Verified purchase

      Skin cleared up

      Skin cleared up in 3 weeks. Painless. Highly recommend.

    • Vanessa Trujillo

      Verified purchase

      The comparison to clinic treatments

      I did professional microneedling four times over two years at around two hundred dollars a session. Here is my honest comparison. The clinic goes deeper, so a single session does more. But you go once a quarter at best. With this I go weekly, painlessly, at home, and the cumulative result over two months has been better than any of my clinic rounds. No numbing cream, no downtime, no appointment. My skin is clear and smooth and I have not booked a session since.

    • Rory F.

      Verified purchase

      Solid buy

      Solid buy. Painless, effective, well built.

    • M. Choi

      Verified purchase

      Pretty good

      Pretty good so far.

    Showing the 12 most recent of 205.

    re:tones Skin Rejuvenation Tap Pen Device is a cosmetic device. Nothing here is a medical claim, and none of these statements have been evaluated by a regulator.

    Trade a video for a second device Open to people who already own a Tap Pen. You keep it whatever the video says.

    Write a review

    You own one. Say what it is actually like.

    We publish reviews we can match to a real order. We do not edit them and we do not take one down for being negative. If you were given the product, your review says so on the page.

    A first name is enough. It is the only part of this we print.
    Not published. We use it to reply and to match your order.
    On your order confirmation email. It usually starts with a hash. We check it before anything appears on this page.
    What you set the dial to, how often you use it, what you noticed. Say the parts you did not like too. A review that only agrees with us is worth nothing to the next person.

    One required question

    If we gave you the product, or discounted it, your review carries a label saying so. US law requires that, and it is also the only reason anybody believes the ones we did not pay for.

    Your email and order number are never published. A person reads every review, and replies if there is a reason to.

    Worth knowing first.

    Not your question? Write to us at support@re-tones.com

    Does it hurt?

    The shaft is 8 µm across, about a twelfth the width of a hair. You set the depth yourself: start at 0.5 mm and stay there as long as you like. Begin with PRO-R Nano, the forgiving cartridge in the box.

    Does this actually work?

    We make no promise about your result. We tell you the mechanism instead. The tip opens temporary channels and the ampoule arrives the moment the tip meets skin. If that is not enough, the 30-day return window is.

    What does my skin look like afterwards?

    Redness and warmth are normal. Deeper settings can leave pinpoint spotting. If it has not settled by the next day, wait before the next session. Stop if you see swelling or irritation. Use it in the evening.

    Which cartridge should I use?

    Start with PRO-R Nano. It is the round plate with the heavier tip, the forgiving one. Keep it for the eye area and anywhere the skin is thin. Move to PRO-5D Nano, the square 8 µm lattice, for the rest of the face.

    How often should I use it?

    Once a week. The barrier needs the days in between to close. Sooner does not get you there faster.

    Can cartridge tips be reused?

    No. Cartridges are sterile and single use. You are working on skin that has just been opened, so fit a fresh one every session.

    Can I use another brand's ampoule?

    Not recommended. The device releases the paired ampoule at the moment the tip meets skin, and the mechanism is built to that vial. Our ampoules are made for the channel the tip opens.

    What kind of device is this?

    re:tones Skin Rejuvenation Tap Pen Device is a cosmetic device, for external use only. It has not been evaluated or cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and it is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

    Who should not use this?

    Do not use over wounds, inflammation, infection, or any skin condition in the treatment area. If you are pregnant or have recently had a dermatological procedure, consult a professional first.

    The tip does not seem to be moving properly. What should I do?

    Two things fix this almost every time. Charge it fully, because the motor needs full power. Then take the cartridge off and reseat it until it is fully home. If it still does not run, stop and contact us.

    Where do I find the instructions?

    There is a QR code on the box. It opens the full video walkthrough: fitting a cartridge, setting the depth, working across each area.